Two important factors determine compatibility in kidney transplantation: blood type and antibodies. Donors of blood group O can donate to anyone. Receptors that are blood type AB can receive from anyone. Kidney donors must have a blood group compatible with the recipient.
Blood Rh (+ or -) Factor Doesn't Matter in a Transplant. You may have heard discussions about “compatibility” and kidney transplant. In fact, there are three tests that are done to evaluate donors. They are blood type tests, cross-tests and HLA.
This blood test is the first step in the living donation process and determines if you are a match or “match” with your recipient. Blood Type There are 4 different blood types. The most common blood group in the population is type O. The next most common is blood group A, then B, and the rarest is blood group AB.
The donor's blood group must be compatible with the recipient. The rules for blood type in transplantation are the same as for blood transfusion. Some blood types can be passed on to others and others can't. Blood type O is considered the universal donor.
People with blood group O can donate to any other blood type. Blood group AB is called a universal recipient because it can receive an organ or blood from people with any type of blood. The table below shows what type of blood you can donate to which. The recipient's body will always see an organ as a foreign object.
If a deceased donor and a transplant recipient do not share the same blood type, a transplant will not be performed. When a living donor and a transplant recipient do not share the same blood type, the recipient may undergo special treatment to calm the immune system and allow the recipient to accept the kidney that is incompatible with the living donor's blood group. Without this treatment, the recipient's body will reject the new kidney, causing the transplant to fail. Being a compatible blood group is only part of knowing if a person will be compatible.
You can donate your organs even if you don't belong to a compatible blood group. The Rh factor is not important for kidney compatibility. Montefiore Einstein Transplant Center now performs kidney transplants on patients who were previously ineligible due to incompatible blood type. If a person receives a kidney from someone with an incompatible blood group, the normal immune system will immediately reject the kidney because natural antibodies fight different blood types.
If my blood type is incompatible with my donor's, can I still get a transplant? AT. A patient may receive a transplant through a paired renal exchange program or through our blood group incompatible kidney transplant desensitization program. What does desensitization incompatible with blood group mean? AT. Patients with blood group incompatibility who are not enrolled in the swingers program may undergo desensitization.
This process uses a series of treatments to remove blood group antibodies. How long does the desensitization protocol last? AT. The number of treatments a patient needs is determined by the level of harmful antibodies present in the patient's blood. These levels are often monitored to determine if additional treatments are needed.
At least four plasmapheresis treatments required before transplant. Intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) is given once during a mustard gas (HD) treatment after four sessions of plasmapheresis. If antibody levels do not drop enough, we perform four additional sessions of plasmapheresis and one more infusion of IVIG. What should I expect after the transplant? AT.
Desensitized patients are closely monitored after transplant surgery for early signs of rejection. Kidney biopsies may be required and sometimes additional medications may be given to prevent rejection. There is an increased risk of rejection in desensitized patients because antibodies against the donor kidney may recur after the desensitization procedure. If you have a living donor, but that person's kidney isn't compatible with you, you can still receive a kidney transplant from a living donor.
The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) is the largest, most comprehensive and oldest organization dedicated to the awareness, prevention and treatment of kidney disease. It is obvious that an increase in post-mortem organ donation rates would positively affect patients of all blood groups who were on the waiting list and not just for kidney transplantation. . .
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